Dealing with hyperpigmentation: How to fix an uneven skin tone

Hyperpigmentation is a common skin discoloration that affects people of all ages and skin types. It's characterized by patches of skin that appear darker than the usual skin tone and may look black, brown, gray, or pink.

While this discoloration is generally harmless, it can be frustrating and challenging to treat. However, there are ways to prevent and treat the condition, depending on the severity and cause.

In this article, we’ll look at effective strategies and skin brightening treatments that address these dark spots and restore balance to your skin.

What causes discoloration?

The condition can be present in one or more areas of the face or body and is caused by overproduction of melanin, due to skin cell damage. These dark spots can make your complexion look uneven.

Several factors can trigger excess melanin production, including:

• Some medical conditions such as Addison's disease
• Hormone changes
• Certain medications
• Lack of certain vitamins
• Sun exposure/UV damage
• Genetics
• Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (skin injury)

Are dark circles considered hyperpigmentation?

Dark circles under the eyes are known as periorbital hyperpigmentation and you might notice these as blue, black, or purple shades on your skin. They can be caused by genetic factors or lifestyle choices such as lack of sleep, smoking, and stress. A medical professional can advise on lifestyle changes that can ease the appearance of dark circles under the eyes.

There are a variety of treatments you can try to help reduce your uneven skin tone.

How to fix an uneven skin tone on your face

Treatments for dark spots include both at-home and professional solutions.

Topical treatments

These skin brightening treatments are applied usually in the form of creams, gels, or lotions. Topical treatments often contain one or more of these ingredients:

• Vitamin C: A potent antioxidant known for its skin brightening properties. Vitamin C can help reduce discoloration by decreasing the skin's production of melanin. It's commonly found in many skincare products including hydrators, creams, and serums.
• Retinoids: Retinol accelerates the skin’s natural exfoliation process, helping to fade discoloration over time. It can also increase skin cell turnover and exfoliate.
• Hydroquinone: A prescription treatment that should only be used on the advice of a healthcare professional. This powerful, medicated skin-brightening treatment works by inhibiting melanin production to lighten areas and improve uneven skin tone.
• Niacinamide: A form of vitamin B3, niacinamide reduces discoloration by inhibiting the transfer of melanin to the skin’s surface. This ingredient can be found in a range of skin brightening treatments including serums and creams.

The ZO® Skin Brightening range is designed to target dark spots and discoloration, helping you achieve an even skin tone by reducing the visible signs.

In-office procedures

Severe or persistent dark spots can often be treated using an in-office procedure. There are multiple treatments, and your dermatologist can recommend the best option to help fix an uneven skin tone.

Chemical peels

These treatments involve using a chemical solution to remove layers of skin, revealing a more even skin tone underneath. As well as a reduction in discoloration, chemical peels can increase the skin's brightness and reduce the number of wrinkles. Your healthcare professional will give you instructions before and after a chemical peel to maximize its effectiveness and to help prevent any risks.

Laser treatments

These types of treatments are also known as laser peels and, like chemical peels, they involve removing layers of skin to reveal a brighter complexion. The laser targets affected areas, using light to break down melanin, meaning the rest of the skin is not at risk of damage. Some people choose this option as it doesn’t involve chemicals that can sometimes irritate skin.

Microneedling

A minimally invasive procedure, microneedling involves inserting small needles into the top layer of your skin, which helps stimulate collagen and elastin production. This can help improve the firmness of your complexion and reduce discoloration.

These treatments might not be suitable for everyone so get assessed by a professional dermatologist before going ahead with any procedure. The treatment you're recommended depends on your skin type, any existing medical conditions, and the severity of the discoloration.

Prevention strategies

One of the best ways to fix an uneven skin tone on the face is to incorporate measures to prevent dark spots and maintain an even skin tone. Strategies include:

Daily sunscreen use

Using a daily SPF can help prevent sun damage which, in turn, can reduce the chances of uneven skin and discoloration. Make sure to choose products that protect against UVA and UVB rays, such as ZO® Sunscreens which offer Triple Spectrum Protection®.

Avoiding skin trauma

Scarring from trauma can lead to an uneven skin tone so it's important to refrain from picking at any scabs or further exacerbating any skin irritation.

Consistent skincare routine

A considered skin routine can help improve your complexion. Make sure to choose products that are suited to your skin type to get the best results. The ZO® Regimen Finder can help you discover the right products and treatments for your skin.

Diet and lifestyle

Eating a healthy and balanced diet can help improve the appearance of your skin. A poor diet can lead to blemishes, dryness, and signs of aging. Choose food rich in vitamins and minerals, including a variety of fruits and
vegetables, as well as plenty of Omega-3 fatty acids. Drinking enough water throughout the day can help keep your skin hydrated while getting enough sleep can help prevent the signs of aging.

Patience and persistence

Remember, results don’t happen overnight, so commit to your skin by being patient and consistent with the treatment you choose. Depending on the cause and severity of the discoloration, the timeline for improvement
can vary greatly. In some cases, it may take weeks or even months to see noticeable results.

If you're looking to seek specialist advice on how to fix an uneven skin tone, choose a professional with expertise in this area. Find a ZO® Authorized Physician using our finder tool and receive tailored advice and treatment, according to your needs and skin type.